NIETZSCHE

Introduction to Philosophy – Nietzsche

Nietzsche criticized three moral theories prevalent in Europe during his lifetime. He rejected:

1.) Christianity – The moral teachings of Jesus, particularly the Sermon on the Mount. Examples include; “Turn the other cheek,” “Go the extra mile” and “Bless those who curse you”.
2.) Utilitarianism – The ethical system that maintains that the moral choices are determined by the greatest good for the greatest many people. Utilitarianism informs egalitarianism and democracy.
3.) Kantianism – The ethical system developed by Immanuel Kant which maintains morality is dependent upon application of the Categorical Imperative: “Act in such a way that you would will it become a universal maxim”.

In contrast to these prevailing moral theories, Nietzsche advocated a Master/Slave Morality. There are two kinds of people in the world: Master or Slave. This has nothing to do with slavery; but rather, the mentality of masters and slaves and how they interact with others. Masters do not look to others for their ideas of right and wrong; rather, they do what they want, when they want. In contrast, Slaves believe what others tell them is right and wrong, that is, they get their morality from others. They obey the laws and adhere to the religious, cultural or legal standards of right and wrong.

Nietzsche was inspired by ancient Greek ideals of life-affirming adventure, particularly Odysseus. On his journeys Odysseus told lies, cheated, stole and basically did whatever he wanted. Odysseus always got the treasure, women and barely escaped danger and death. This behavior made him a hero in the eyes of the Greeks.

The person possessing the Master Mentality inspires others to follow his morality. He does not force them, but rather, inspires them to follow his example by living life to its fullest. The Master Mentality disregards the prevailing moral attitudes and cultural mores of his day, and instead, lives life according to his own moral standards.

For example, Jesus Christ was an example of the Master Morality. He challenged social and moral conventions and inspired others to embrace and follow his own morality. However, Christians who follow the teachings of Jesus and get their morality from him are examples of the Slave Morality.

Some people who are examples of the Master Morality are:

Alexander the Great
Jesus
Buddha
Mohamed
Odysseus
Napoleon
Gandhi